Svadhyaya
svādhyāyaOften glossed in class as self-study or self-inquiry. The fourth niyama.
The sutra's own word means study, in the old sense: staying close to the texts and teachings, reciting them, letting them work on you.
As a result of study there is communion with the chosen deity.
The original Sanskrit
svādhyāyād iṣṭadevatāsaṃprayogaḥ